1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时,我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。
We speak English.
我们讲英语。
(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。)
He is writing a letter.
他下在写一封信。
(writing是主语He发出的动作。)
2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时,称之为被动语态(被动句):在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打败了。
(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一只野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主语,但在意思上,A hare是killed的宾语,即等于:Someone killed a hare.)
3.大多数“主-动-宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。
(1)将原来的宾语变为主语,并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。
This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced in this factory.
(2)如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词,在变为被动句时,助动词不变,随后的主动词变为被动态。
They should do this right now.
→ This should bedone right now.
(3)当主动句变被动句,如果要强调施动者,可将原句主语置于by- 词组中表达出来。
A boy found this wallet in the street.
→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.
(4)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-宾”结构时,可以有两种形式。
Father gave me a toy yesterday.
→I was given a toy yesterday.
→A toy was given to me yesterday.
被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。在英语中,如果想要避免用含混不清的词(如someone)做主语,也可以用被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
以上就是一些被动语态和主动语态的相关信息,供大家参考。