1、指代范围:
that:用来指代离说话者较远的事物或人,或者在从句中作主语、宾语等成分。
which:用来指代离说话者较近的事物或人,或者在从句中作主语、宾语等成分。
2、用法区别:
that:通常用于正式场合或书面语中,表示较为严肃的语气;在口语中,也可以使用that,但不如which常用。
which:用于非正式场合和口语中,表示较为随意的语气;在书面语中,也可以使用which,但在正式场合较少使用。
一, 先行词是人,用that/who/whom引导从句;不能用which:
He that/who fears death lives not.
贪生怕死死的快。
A person that/who will swear, will lie.
开口就赌咒发誓的人往往在说谎。
I really admire people that/who speak two languages.
我真的很佩服会说两种语言的人。
(先行词在从句中做主语,用who/that)
There are always people (whom/who/that) you don’t get along with.
总有一些你没法相处好的人。
二,先行词是物,which和that都可以用:
She has a small office which is used for private discussions.
她有一间小办公室,用来私人会谈。
There is a kind of pleasure which/that comes from giving away.
付出带来一种快乐。
Anger is a wind which/that blows out the lamp of the mind.
愤怒是吹灭心灵之灯的风。