by后面接动词的时候需要用动名词形式,即为动词的ing形式,一般表示通过某种方式。例如:I was moved by his singing.我被他的歌声感动了;You can help others by donating money.你可以通过捐钱帮助他人;John talks to me by calling.约翰打电话给我。
by的用法:表示“在…旁边”,比如by the fire(在炉火旁);用于被动语态,表示“被”的意思。比如It is planted by Tom. (这份计划是被汤姆设计的。);表示“在…之前”,比如by Monday(周一之前);表示通过某种方式或手段,比如by sea(乘船);表示“通过…方式”,句式结构为by+doing,比如by learning(通过学习)。
by是一个英语单词,名词、副词、形容词、介词,作名词时意思是“(体育比赛)轮空晋级”,作副词时意思是“经过;(时间)过去;在旁边;短暂访问”,作形容词时意思是“旁边的,侧面的”,作介词时意思是“由,被;通过;相差……;到……之前;在……旁边”。
Day care is provided by the company she works for.
她工作的`那家公司有日托。
All the statistical computations were performed by the new software system.
所有的统计计算均由新的软件系统完成。
They won by a single goal after extra time.
他们在加时赛中仅踢进一球即获胜。
They've increased the price by 50%.
他们已经把价格提高了50%。
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班,而不必开车了。