1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
①指人的先行词
②指物的先行词
先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
(which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词
2.关系词:引导定语的词
(1)关系词的作用
①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)
②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)
③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)
(2)关系词的分类
①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)
3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子
1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.
2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)