定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。
关系副词有:when,where,why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。