虚拟语气概述:虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
虚拟语气的应用条件:在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
例句:
If I had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.
我如果昨天见到他的话,就会把这个消息告诉他的。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!
太奇怪了,你竟然不理解我!
(1)与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker.
If I knew her number I could ring her up.
(2)与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If left sooner, have been on time.
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
(3)与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If he went,would you go too?
If I asked him, sure help us.
虚拟语气顺口溜:一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求。
“一、二、三、四”,即一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order,command),三个建议(suggest,propose,advise),四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)。这些动词或名词后的从句需用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语用should+动词。