1、含义不同:must表示主观上认为有义务或有责任必须做某事,强调说话人的主观看法,如:Everyone must obey the traffic rules。每个人都必须遵守交通规则。have to表示由于客观因素而不得不做某事,强调客观需要。如:Alice’s home is very far from her school, so she has to have lunch atschool.爱丽丝的家离学校很远,所以她不得不在学校吃午饭。
2、侧重点不同:must和have to 都可以表示“必须”,但侧重点不同:must强调说话者的主观看法,如: I have a good time here, but I must leave now. 我在这儿玩得很开心,但现在得走了。而have to则强调客观上的需要,如:My grandma can’t look after herself, so I have to take care of her. 我奶奶照顾不了自己,因此我不得不照顾她。must没有人称、数和时态变化,但have to有。
3、否定含义不同:在否定句中,mustn’t表示“不许,禁止”;don’t/doesn’t/didn’thave to表示“不必,无须”,相当于needn’t。如:Look at the sign. You mustn’t park here.看那个标志,这里禁止停车。含有must的一般疑问句,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thave to;回答含有have to的一般疑问句时,要用do的适当形式。
1、In addition, we have to minimize the use of plastic bags as they would cause white trash pollution.
此外,我们要减少使用塑料袋会造成白色垃圾污染。
2、With things as such, we'll have to let things slide.
事到如今,我们也只好听其自然了。
3、People have to stand in a queue for hours to buy a ticket.
买票得排队好几个小时。
4、Why do you think she have to stand in the train in the evening?
你认为晚上在火车上为什么她得站着?
5、I have to say cubism is not something I know very much about.
我得承认我对立体主义知道得不多。
6、It must be cloudy.
7、You must begin afresh.
8、Marriage must be consensual.
9、We must act strategically.
10、Labour must be valued and so must able personnel.