性质不同
及物动词:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫作及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
不及物动词:本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds can fly.鸟会飞。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
宾语接法不同
及物动词:及物动词可以接名词、代词、动名词作动词的宾语。例句:I will buy a book.
及物动词:不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语,需要借助介词。实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。例句:You have to wait!也可以加介词,再加名词,即You have to wait for me.
是否有被动语态
及物动词可以用于主动语态,大多有被动语态例如:Someone broke the window.(主动结构)有人打破了窗户The window was broken.(被动结构)窗户被打破了;不及物动词有主动语态,但没有被动语态,例如:They discriminated against him.(主动结构)他们歧视他。
have,eat,find,see,say,buy,cut,catch,invent,make,take,tell等。
come,agree,go,fly,work,listen,look,die,belong,fall,exist,arrive,fail,succeed,wait,happen等。