1.一般在名词词尾加s。如:dog-dogs,house-houses,gram-grams,officer-officers.
2.以s,ss,sh,ch及x结尾的名词加es构成其复数形式。如:kiss-kisses,watch-watches,box-boxes, bush-bushes,glass-glasses.
3.以o结尾,注意以下几点:
(1)一般在词尾加es.如:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes.
(2)如果是外来语或缩写名词,则加s。如:piano-pianos,dynamo-dynamos,photo-photos, kimono-kimonos,biro-biros.
(3)有些以o结尾的名词,其o前是元音字母则加-s。如:studio-studios,radio-radios.
(4)以oo结尾的名词只加s。如:zoo-zoos.
4.以“辅音字母+y“结尾的名词,则先把y改成i,再加es。如:baby-babies,university-universities,fly-flies,impurity-impurities.
5.下列以f或fe结尾的名词,须先将f或fe改成v,再加es。这些名词是:calf,half,knife,leaf,life,loaf,self,sheaf,shelf,thief,wife,wolf等。如:wife-wives,wolf-wolves, calf-calves.
6.以下几个名词scarf,wharf,hoof,handkerchief等的复数形式,可先将f或fe改成v,再加es;也可直接加s,即scarfs或scarves,wharfs或wharves,hoofs或hooves,handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。
7.特殊变化,具体记忆:man-men,womam-women,child-children.
8.单、复数同行:鱼:fish,羊:sheep,鹿:deer,中国人:Chinese,日本人:Japanese。