1、性质不同:及物动词:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
不及物动词:本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds can fly.鸟会飞。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
2、宾语接法不同:及物动词:及物动词可以接名词、代词、动名词做动词的宾语。不及物动词:不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语,一般要先加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。
3、表示不同:及物动词:字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词。而不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象。只要是动词都有这么分的,标注vt的是及物动词,标注vi的是不及物动词。不及物动词没有被动态。动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(transitive verb)、不及物动词(intransitive verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.
举例:“看”
(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语).Look!She is singing.
Look carefully!(注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)
(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully!(me是代词,作宾语)
及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,get,found,like,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell,eat,drink...
作不及物的动词
不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed....