动名词就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能,所以它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分。
现在分词相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语。当ing形式出现在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时,它肯定时动名词;当ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是现在分词。
总之,如果ing作表语相当于n。它就是动名词;反之相当于adj。时它就是现在分词。
1.动名词作主语
动名词作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数。比如:
Eating is an important thing. 吃是一种很重要的事情。
动名词作主语,还可以是复合结构,前面可以有物主代词:
My opening the door anoyed him. 我开门使他烦恼。
如果动名词短语作主语,这个短语又很长,这个时候往往用it做形式主语:
It is no use telling him to keep clean. 叫他保持干净没有用。
2.动名词做宾语
I'm fond of cycling. 我热衷于骑行。
动名词做宾语可以有复合结构,前面可以加形容词性物主代词:
Would mind my open the window? 你介意我开窗户吗?
3.动名词作表语
His job is looking after his little brother. 他的工作是看护小弟弟。
4.动名词作定语
swimming pool 游泳池
living room 客厅
fishing stick 鱼竿
5.动名词可以带宾语
因为动名词来自于动词,及物动词变成动名词之后,还保留有动词的一般属性,可以带宾语,比如:
He likes eating fish. 他喜欢吃鱼。
6.动名词的完成式和被动式
She was blamed for being late.因为迟到她受责备了。
一、现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
1.Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。
2.Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。被动式
二、现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。
A.现在分词的一般被动式。如:
1.The building being built is our library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
2.The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在讨论的问题非常重要。
B.现在分词的完成被动式。如:
1.Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn't make such mistakes.
老师警告他们之后,学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
2.Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.
(人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。
三、现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:
1.She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
2.A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如:
Going into the room,he shut the door.
走进房间,他就关上了门。