1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。
如:
Don’t come unless I telephone.
除非我打电话,否则你别来。
If you watch carefully you will see how to do it.
如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy.
只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。
如:
The speech is good, though it could be better.
这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
He went out even though it was raining.
尽管下雨,他还是出去了。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.
他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Since you are going, I will go.
既然你去,我也去。
Now that we are alone, we can speak freely.
现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。
如:
I’m not living where I was.
我不在原处住了。
You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days.
如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.
不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。
1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
如:
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.
我租了一条船去钓鱼。
Take your coat in case it rains (should rain).
带着雨衣以防下雨。
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.
他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。
如:
He was so angry that he couldn't speak.
他气得话都说不出来。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。